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Diurnal cycle of precipitation over the tropics and central United States: intercomparison of general circulation models
Cheng Tao
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Shaocheng Xie
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
Correspondence
Shaocheng Xie, Atmospheric, Earth, and Energy Division (L-103), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorHsi-Yen Ma
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorPeter Bechtold
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bologna, Italy
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorPaul A. Vaillancourt
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Dorval, Québec, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorKwinten Van Weverberg
Department of Geography, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
Met Office, Exeter, UK
Search for more papers by this authorYi-Chi Wang
Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
Search for more papers by this authorMay Wong
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJing Yang
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Dorval, Québec, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorGuang J. Zhang
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorIn-Jin Choi
Korea Institute of Atmospheric Prediction Systems, Seoul, South Korea
Search for more papers by this authorShuaiqi Tang
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJiangfeng Wei
Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
Search for more papers by this authorWen-Ying Wu
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorMeng Zhang
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJ. David Neelin
University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCheng Tao
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Shaocheng Xie
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
Correspondence
Shaocheng Xie, Atmospheric, Earth, and Energy Division (L-103), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorHsi-Yen Ma
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorPeter Bechtold
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bologna, Italy
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorPaul A. Vaillancourt
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Dorval, Québec, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorKwinten Van Weverberg
Department of Geography, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
Met Office, Exeter, UK
Search for more papers by this authorYi-Chi Wang
Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
Search for more papers by this authorMay Wong
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJing Yang
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Dorval, Québec, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorGuang J. Zhang
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorIn-Jin Choi
Korea Institute of Atmospheric Prediction Systems, Seoul, South Korea
Search for more papers by this authorShuaiqi Tang
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJiangfeng Wei
Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
Search for more papers by this authorWen-Ying Wu
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorMeng Zhang
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJ. David Neelin
University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Diurnal precipitation is a fundamental mode of variability that climate models have difficulty in accurately simulating. Here the diurnal cycle of precipitation (DCP) in participating climate models from the Global Energy and Water Exchanges' DCP project is evaluated over the tropics and central United States. Common model biases such as excessive precipitation over the tropics, too frequent light-to-moderate rain, and the failure to capture propagating convection in the central United States still exist. Over the central United States, the issues of too weak rainfall intensity in climate runs is well improved in their hindcast runs with initial conditions from numerical weather prediction analyses. But the improvement is minimal over the central Amazon. Incorporating the role of the large-scale environment in convective triggering processes helps resolve the phase-locking issue in many models where precipitation often incorrectly peaks near noon due to maximum insolation over land. Allowing air parcels to be lifted above the boundary layer improves the simulation of nocturnal precipitation which is often associated with the propagation of mesoscale systems. Including convective memory in cumulus parameterizations acts to suppress light-to-moderate rain and promote intense rainfall; however, it also weakens the diurnal variability. Simply increasing model resolution (with cumulus parameterizations still used) cannot fully resolve the biases of low-resolution climate models in DCP. The hierarchy modeling framework from this study is useful for identifying the missing physics in models and testing new development of model convective processes over different convective regimes.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The model data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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